Centella asiatica, also known as Gotu Kola, has long been prized in traditional medicine for its wound-healing, skin-rejuvenating, and anti-inflammatory properties. Modern biotechnology now suggests that its therapeutic potential extends far beyond its well-known triterpenoids and saponins. Recent research has uncovered a new class of bioactive entities within this herb—plant-derived exosomes, nanosized vesicles that carry RNA, proteins, and metabolites capable of regulating cellular activities.

The Rise of Plant-Derived Exosomes in Skin Research

While exosomes are commonly associated with animal and human cells, plants also secrete similar extracellular vesicles that can traverse biological barriers and interact with mammalian systems. Compared with synthetic carriers or crude extracts, these natural nanoparticles provide superior biocompatibility, structural stability, and biochemical complexity. In dermatology, exosomes isolated from medicinal plants have demonstrated remarkable antioxidant and regenerative effects, offering a new dimension to botanical skincare.

A 2025 study published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, titled “Centella asiatica-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve Skin Barrier Function and Alleviate UVB-Induced Skin Damage,” investigated Centella asiatica-derived extracellular vesicles (CAEVs) in both cell and animal models. Topical application of these vesicles promoted skin barrier recovery, enhanced collagen synthesis, stimulated fibroblast proliferation, and mitigated UVB-induced inflammation in mice—key indicators of skin repair and anti-photoaging activity.

Complementary clinical findings were reported in a 2025 Cosmetics journal article, “Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of a Centella asiatica (CICA)-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Formulation for Anti-Aging Skincare.” Human trials revealed that a CICA-derived exosome formulation improved skin hydration, elasticity, and wrinkle depth while maintaining excellent tolerability, highlighting its potential in cosmetic applications.

Further insights came from a transcriptomic analysis shared on ResearchGate in “Comparative Analysis of the Transcriptome and Efficacy of Bioactive Centella asiatica Exosomes on Skin Cells.” The study showed that Centella asiatica exosomes influenced over 46% more genes in keratinocytes than standard extracts, notably those involved in oxidative stress regulation, melanin synthesis, and epidermal barrier formation. Intriguingly, the authors identified novel plant-derived miRNAs that may interact with human skin-related pathways—supporting a cross-kingdom communication hypothesis.

Collectively, these findings signal a paradigm shift—from bulk herbal extracts to molecularly defined nanovesicles that can deliver precise biological cues directly to skin cells.

From Research to Application: Advancing Plant Exosome Technologies

As the study of plant-derived exosomes accelerates, scientific institutions and biotechnology companies are developing advanced methods for extraction, purification, and functional characterization. Dedicated research platforms are now offering Centella-derived exosome isolation services, focusing on bioactivity validation in skin cell models and preclinical systems.

Broader service platforms for medicinal plant-derived exosomes are also emerging, encompassing comprehensive workflows from exosome isolation and cargo profiling to molecular function analysis and application development. These efforts support translational research in regenerative medicine, anti-aging, and drug delivery. Similar studies on ginseng and mulberry root bark have revealed comparable bioactive potential, suggesting that the therapeutic utility of plant exosomes may extend across diverse botanical species.

Such technological progress is paving the way for the formulation of stable, scalable, and safe exosome-based products that bridge natural ingredients with cutting-edge nanobiotechnology.

Outlook: Bridging Tradition and Innovation

Despite encouraging progress, several challenges remain before Centella asiatica-derived exosomes can be fully commercialized—such as standardizing plant sources, confirming long-term safety, and optimizing skin penetration. Moreover, the extent to which plant-derived RNAs can directly influence human gene expression remains under investigation.

Even so, the convergence of traditional herbal wisdom and modern nanoscience paints an exciting picture for the future of natural skincare and regenerative therapies. As analytical tools continue to decode the molecular dialogues between plant vesicles and human cells, Centella asiatica exosomes stand out as one of nature’s most sophisticated messengers—ushering in a new era of biologically intelligent skincare.

Centella asiatica, also known as Gotu Kola, has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to heal wounds, rejuvenate skin, and calm inflammation. Modern biotechnology is now revealing that its therapeutic power may go far beyond triterpenoids and saponins. Recent studies have identified a new bioactive component within this herb—plant-derived exosomes, nanosized vesicles that transport RNA, proteins, and metabolites capable of modulating cellular processes.

The rise of plant-derived exosomes in dermatological research

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles typically associated with animal and human cells, yet plants also release similar nanoparticles that can cross biological barriers and influence mammalian cells. Compared with synthetic carriers or crude extracts, these natural vesicles offer biocompatibility, stability, and rich biochemical diversity. In skin research, exosomes isolated from medicinal plants have demonstrated promising antioxidant and regenerative effects.

A 2025 study, “Centella asiatica-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve Skin Barrier Function and Alleviate UVB-Induced Skin Damage,” published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, explored Centella asiatica-derived extracellular vesicles (CAEVs) in both cell and animal models. Researchers showed that topical application of these vesicles improved skin barrier recovery and reduced UVB-induced inflammation in mice. The vesicles enhanced collagen synthesis and fibroblast proliferation—two hallmarks of skin repair and anti-photoaging potential.

Complementing these findings, a Cosmetics journal article in 2025 titled “Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of a Centella asiatica (CICA)-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Formulation for Anti-Aging Skincare” evaluated a CICA-derived exosome formulation in human volunteers. The formulation improved hydration, firmness, and wrinkle depth while exhibiting excellent skin tolerance, suggesting its feasibility in cosmetic applications.

A third study, “Comparative Analysis of the Transcriptome and Efficacy of Bioactive Centella asiatica Exosomes on Skin Cells,” available on ResearchGate, offered mechanistic insights through transcriptomic analysis. It revealed that Centella asiatica exosomes influenced over 46 percent more genes in keratinocytes compared with standard extracts, particularly genes involved in oxidative stress, melanin regulation, and epidermal barrier formation. The authors also identified novel plant miRNAs potentially targeting human skin-related pathways, supporting a cross-kingdom regulatory hypothesis.

Together, these studies mark a paradigm shift—from bulk plant extracts to molecularly defined nanovesicles that deliver signals directly to skin cells.

From Research to Application: Technological Exploration of Plant-Derived Exosomes

With the rapid advancement of plant exosome research, scientific institutions and biotechnology platforms are actively developing technologies for the extraction, purification, and characterization of exosomes from medicinal plants such as Centella asiatica. For example, one platform has established a Centella-derived exosome research service that focuses on isolating bioactive exosomes from Centella asiatica for skin cell studies and pharmacological validation.

Meanwhile, a broader medicinal plant-derived exosome research and application service offers comprehensive solutions covering exosome isolation, characterization, molecular cargo analysis, and functional verification. These technologies support the exploration of plant-derived exosomes in regenerative medicine, anti-aging research, and drug delivery. Systematic studies have also begun to reveal the potential bioactivity and skincare benefits of exosomes derived from various plants, such as ginseng and mulberry root bark. Such investigations are paving the way for the development of stable, safe, and scalable exosome-based formulations.

Outlook: The Intersection of Nature and Technology

Although Centella asiatica-derived exosomes have shown promising potential in preclinical and early application studies, several challenges remain—such as the standardization of plant sources, long-term safety verification, and the enhancement of skin penetration efficiency. Moreover, whether plant-derived RNAs can directly modulate human gene expression still requires further experimental validation.

Nevertheless, the convergence of traditional herbal wisdom and modern nanobiotechnology offers an inspiring vision for the future of natural skincare and regenerative medicine. As scientific tools continue to unravel the mechanisms of these microscopic messengers, Centella asiatica exosomes may emerge as one of nature’s most sophisticated ingredients for skin regeneration and protection.

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