For young individuals eager to enter the workforce, understanding the legal working age in Ontario is a critical first step. Whether it’s a part-time gig after school or a summer job during the holidays, both youth and employers must be aware of Ontario’s employment standards and age requirements. These rules are designed to protect young workers and ensure safe and appropriate work environments.
In this article, we’ll explore the legal age requirements for employment in Ontario, types of jobs teens can do, and key rules employers must follow to remain compliant with the province’s labor laws.
What is the Legal Working Age in Ontario?
The legal working age in Ontario depends on the type of work and the industry. According to the Ontario Employment Standards Act (ESA) and the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA), here are the basic guidelines:
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14 years old – Minimum age for working in offices, retail stores, and some hospitality roles like restaurants and cafes.
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15 years old – Allowed to work in construction (excluding mining) and in various industrial establishments like warehouses.
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16 years old – Permitted to work in logging operations, surface mines, and other heavy industries.
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18 years old – Required for underground mines and other high-risk environments.
While these are general standards, employers should be cautious and consult legal resources to ensure compliance with specific regulations, especially for high-risk occupations.
Job Types Suitable for Young Workers
For teens just beginning their job search, several industries welcome younger employees while complying with legal standards:
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Retail and grocery stores
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Fast food and full-service restaurants
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Cafes and ice cream shops
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Office clerical work
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Tutoring or academic assistance
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Delivery services (non-hazardous)
These roles generally offer flexible hours and environments suitable for young workers, with low to moderate risk levels. Employers must ensure that tasks are age-appropriate and do not involve hazardous machinery or long work hours that interfere with schooling.
Restrictions and Protections for Youth Workers
Ontario’s laws also provide important restrictions to protect youth in the workforce:
1. Work Hours for Students Under 18
Youth under 18 years of age are not permitted to work during school hours unless they are exempt (e.g., home-schooled or enrolled in an alternative education program). Generally, students may work up to 8 hours per day, but employers must respect rest periods and maximum weekly limits.
2. Prohibited Workplaces
Regardless of age, minors are prohibited from working in:
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Underground mines (under 18)
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Window cleaning (under 18)
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Certain manufacturing roles (under 15 or 16)
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Jobs involving hazardous equipment or chemicals
Employers must conduct risk assessments and provide training and supervision to ensure the safety of young workers.
3. Health and Safety Training
All employees, including youth, must receive appropriate health and safety training before beginning work. Employers should also ensure young workers know their rights and responsibilities under the Occupational Health and Safety Act.
Special Considerations for Employers
If you are hiring individuals who are under 18, here are a few best practices to follow:
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Verify age with identification (such as a birth certificate or student card)
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Keep written consent from parents or guardians (especially for those under 16)
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Ensure proper training is provided before assigning tasks
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Monitor working hours to comply with educational obligations
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Avoid hazardous tasks that go beyond the legal scope of minor employment
Non-compliance with these rules can lead to fines, legal consequences, and reputational damage.
Benefits of Youth Employment
Despite the legal complexities, employing young workers offers benefits to both the individual and society:
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Skill development: Teens gain valuable skills such as time management, communication, and customer service.
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Early financial literacy: Young workers learn to manage money and budgeting early in life.
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Workplace readiness: Early employment can improve future job prospects and career confidence.
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Business benefits: Employers can build loyal entry-level teams and contribute to community development.
By following the rules, businesses contribute to a positive, fair, and safe labor market in Ontario.
Final Thoughts
Understanding the legal working age in Ontario is essential for both young job seekers and employers. While opportunities abound for teens to gain work experience, strict rules ensure their safety, well-being, and educational success. Employers must be diligent in following all labor laws to maintain ethical and lawful workplaces.
For trusted guidance on employment regulations, compliance, and legal support in Ontario, turn to Dharsi Law. Our experienced team is here to help individuals and businesses navigate complex employment laws and stay protected every step of the way.