Causes of Asteatotic Eczema: Understanding Dry, Cracked Skin

Asteatotic eczema is a type of eczema that causes dry, itchy, and cracked skin. It is most common in the winter, when the air is dry, and we use heat to keep warm. 

This condition happens when your skin becomes too dry, much like how a puddle of mud dries up under the sun and heat. As your skin loses moisture, it can crack. 

These cracks can turn into sores, especially if you scratch them. This can increase the risk of infection. To help treat asteatotic eczema, moisturizing with ointments or skin creams can be very helpful. 

Asteatotic eczema is one of the most common types of eczema, especially in people who are 60 years or older. It is also called xerotic eczema or eczema craquelé. 

In this blog, we will understand asteatotic eczema, causes of Asteatotic Eczema, its symptoms, and effective treatment options. 

What are the Symptoms of Asteatotic Eczema? 

The symptoms of asteatotic eczema usually start with dry skin. When your skin becomes dry, you might notice that it looks: 

  • White 
  • Tight 
  • Flaky 
  • Itchy 
  • Inflamed 
  • Scaly 
  • Cracked 

As asteatotic eczema gets worse, you may see thin, red lines called fissures on your skin. These lines often form in a geometric pattern and can surround large, dry patches. 

If not treated, asteatotic eczema can cause your skin to become swollen and more inflamed. It can also lead to another condition called nummular dermatitis, which creates coin-shaped lesions on the skin. 

What Causes Asteatotic Eczema? 

Asteatotic eczema happens when your skin loses too much water. This can happen when the skin barrier breaks down due to certain factors, including genetics and environmental conditions. These factors include: 

  • Low humidity: Dry air, especially in winter, in deserts, or at high altitudes, can dry out the skin. Using dehumidifiers or fan heaters can also make the air dry. 
  • Excessive bathing: Taking long baths or showers, especially with soaps and detergents, can strip the skin of moisture. 

Who Gets Asteatotic Eczema? 

Asteatotic eczema can affect anyone with very dry skin, but it is more common in older people. 

It can also be linked to certain skin conditions, like ichthyosis, which is a genetic disorder that causes dry, scaly skin. 

Other health conditions can increase the risk of developing asteatotic eczema, including: 

  • Underactive thyroid (myxedema) 
  • Malnutrition, especially deficiencies in zinc and fatty acids 
  • Severe weight loss 
  • Lymphoma, a type of cancer 

Certain medications can also cause asteatotic eczema, such as: 

  • Retinoids (like acitretin and isotretinoin) 
  • Diuretics (water pills) 
  • Protein kinase inhibitors (used in cancer treatment) 

What are Common Risk Factors for Developing Asteatotic Eczema? 

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing asteatotic eczema. Some of the most common risk factors include: 

  • Age: As we get older, our skin becomes more prone to dryness and other changes that make skin conditions, like asteatotic eczema, more likely. Older adults, in particular, are at higher risk due to these changes in skin cells. 
  • Dry skin: Anyone can have dry skin, but it’s more common in colder weather or when people bathe frequently. If your skin tends to be dry because of these factors, you might be more likely to develop asteatotic eczema. 
  • Frequent bathing: Bathing too often can strip moisture from your skin, especially if the water is very hot. Research has shown that frequent bathing may increase the risk of asteatotic eczema. 
  • Low humidity: Cold, dry weather or environments with low humidity can dry out your skin. If you spend time in these conditions without moisturizing, your skin can become dry enough to lead to asteatotic eczema. 
  • Harsh chemicals: Many bath products contain chemicals and fragrances that can dry out your skin. Using these products too often can increase your chances of developing asteatotic eczema, as they can cause your skin to become even drier. 

Treatment for Asteatotic Eczema 

Doctors typically recommend moisturizing your skin at least twice a day to keep it hydrated. It’s best to use moisturizers that have high oil content, as water-based lotions can make your skin drier. 

In some cases, doctors may also prescribe topical steroid creams to help reduce swelling and itching. The National Eczema Association (NEA) advises applying the steroid cream first, then covering the area with a moisturizer. 

Diet and Lifestyle Changes 

Dietary Recommendations for Skin Health: 

  • Omega-3 fatty acids: Include foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids to help reduce inflammation. 
  • Zinc-rich foods: Zinc plays a role in skin health, so include foods that are high in zinc. 
  • Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your skin hydrated from the inside out. 

Stress Management for Overall Skin Health: 

  • Reduce stress: Stress can make eczema symptoms worse, so it’s important to find ways to relax. Practices like yoga, deep breathing, and meditation can help manage stress levels. 
  • Healthy lifestyle: Exercise regularly to improve circulation and overall health, which can positively impact your skin. 

Tips to Prevent Flares and Promote Healing 

  • Apply moisturizer right after bathing to lock in moisture. 
  • Reduce how often and how hot you bathe. 
  • Be gentle when using towels to avoid scratching. 
  • Switch to a milder soap that won’t dry out your skin. 
  • Avoid wearing itchy fabrics like wool close to your skin. 
  • Drink plenty of fluids to keep your skin hydrated. 
  • Avoid sitting too close to heat sources, which can dry out your skin. 
  • Use a humidifier in rooms with central heating to keep the air moist. 

Complications of Asteatotic Eczema 

Asteatotic eczema can be very itchy, and scratching the skin can lead to infections. One possible infection is lichen planus, which can cause flat bumps to appear on the skin. 

If the cracks in your skin become deep, they might bleed or get infected, causing pus to leak out. Other sores may leak a watery liquid. These can be very painful and may require additional treatment. 

When to See a Doctor 

You should see a doctor if: 

  • Your skin is not improving with home care. 
  • The eczema is getting worse or spreading. 
  • You have deep cracks or open sores, increasing the risk of infection. 
  • You experience severe itching, pain, or swelling. 

Possible Treatments 

  • Topical Treatments: Doctors may prescribe steroid creams or ointments to reduce inflammation and itching. 
  • Medications: In severe cases, oral medications may be prescribed to control symptoms. 
  • Lifestyle Advice: Doctors may recommend moisturizing regularly, avoiding irritants, and making environmental adjustments (like using a humidifier).

Read Also: What is Lichen Planopilaris? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Conclusion:

Asteatotic eczema, commonly seen in older adults, occurs when the skin becomes excessively dry, leading to itching, cracking, and inflammation. Proper skincare, such as regular use of oil-based moisturizers, avoiding harsh soaps, and reducing hot water exposure, can prevent and manage symptoms. Environmental adjustments like using humidifiers and wearing soft fabrics, along with a nutrient-rich diet, also support skin health. It’s important to consult a doctor if symptoms worsen or infections develop, as timely medical care ensures effective treatment and relief. Furthermore, clinical trials, such as Atopic Dermatitis Clinical Trials, provide access to advanced treatments. Participation in these trials allows individuals to contribute to medical research while exploring innovative care options.